Neon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and diamagnetic gas that is a rare component of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is an inert gas and belongs to the group of noble gases along with helium, argon and krypton.
Unlike other elements, neon atoms do not exist as groups of ions or molecules, but in individual atoms (monatomic). This makes it an extremely stable and inert substance.
It’s also one of the most energy-efficient gases. It’s able to store and release a lot of energy in a small amount of space, which is why it’s used for laser pointers and other devices that need to be very bright.
How It Works
A tube of glass filled with a gas like neon, argon or krypton at low pressure is placed in front of metal electrodes. When a high voltage is applied to the electrodes, the gas begins to ionize and emit a red light.
This happens because the gas atoms have negative charges, and when they come into contact with electricity they lose their electrons and become positively charged ions. The ions are drawn towards the positive electrode.
The ions then collide with the neon atoms, increasing their energies. The result is the luminous, electric red light that we see in neon signs.
Neon is also a cryogenic refrigerant, meaning it can be liquefied to keep things cool. It is a relatively expensive gas to produce because it is so rare, but when liquefied, neon has more than 40 times the refrigeration capacity per volume of liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen.
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