What is Neon?

Neon is an inert gas that can be shaped into tubes and used to illuminate signs and other displays. The color it glows depends on how energised the atoms are when electricity flows through them. When the atoms recapture their electrons and become neutral again, they emit a photon (particle of light). This process gives neon its recognizable reddish-orange luminosity, which is why it is often used in Christmas displays.

Like its “siblings” helium, argon, krypton and xenon, neon is classified as a noble gas because it has a full valence shell (the outermost set of electrons), making it relatively stable. Like all noble gases, it conducts electricity and lights up when a current runs through it. It is also odorless, colorless and monatomic (exists as individual atoms).

Neon does not form compounds with other elements in nature. It is found in the Earth’s atmosphere, where it makes up about 0.01 percent by volume.

Inhalation of high concentrations of neon may cause dizziness, nausea and loss of consciousness. It is considered a simple asphyxiant, meaning that it can act in the place of oxygen to deprive cells of their energy source and cause them to die. The gas can be a health concern if inhaled frequently by workers at risk for breathing problems, such as those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Occupational exposure limits are recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Neon is listed as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.