Neon is a colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas that’s a noble element. It is used in luminous glass tubes for signs that glow when energized by several thousand volts. It’s also a critical component of television sets, dating back to the first glass screens.
Neon atoms have the lowest electronegativity of any noble gas, which helps them attract electrons to themselves. This process, called the neon effect, gives neon its color and glowing, pulsating light. Neon can also be used to produce red and blue dyes.
Unlike other noble gases, which are stable at room temperature, neon is a liquid when liquefied and has the lowest boiling point of any element. It is commercially produced by fractional distillation of liquid air and by nucleogenic reactions in the radium-series, thorium-series, and actinium-series decay chains of the radioactive elements uranium-238, thorium-232, and uranium-235.
It has no known harmful effects at normal concentrations. However, it can act as a simple asphyxiant, especially if it replaces oxygen in a person’s body. Exposure to a very cold liquefied gas can cause frostbite. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980]
The color of neon is due to a mixture of its two stable isotopes, neon-20 and neon-22. The isotopes differ from one another in their atomic weights, with neon-20 having a slightly heavier mass than neon-22. Because neon can form compounds with fluorine, it is not used in diagnostic devices such as blood analyzers. However, it is often used in conjunction with X-rays for cancer treatment, because its low electronegativity reduces the amount of damage done to a tumor by X-ray radiation.
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