Neon is a noble gas that glows a bright red-orange color when electricity is applied. It is often used in neon signs, which are tubes bent into shapes and spelling out words. Neon is one of the six noble gases, which are found in the rightmost column of the Periodic Table. These are inert, odorless, tasteless gases that are unlikely to react with other substances except under very specific conditions. The other members of this group are helium, argon, krypton and xenon. In 2016 a synthetic noble gas was introduced called oganesson, which brings the total number of noble gases to seven.
Neon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, but only makes up 0.0018% of Earth’s atmosphere, according to the Jefferson Laboratory. It was discovered in 1898 by William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris Travers, an English chemist. They chilled a sample of air into a liquid and collected the resulting gases. They first found krypton and then, after removing the krypton from their sample, they discovered that the remaining gases, including neon, produced a brilliant crimson light when subjected to electric discharge in a vacuum. Ramsay and Travers derived the name from the Greek word for new, neos.
Although it is a noble gas, neon can form unstable compounds with fluorine under certain conditions. It is nontoxic, but it is an asphyxiant and can kill a person by depriving him or her of oxygen.
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