Neon is a colorless, odorless chemical element best known for its use in illuminated signs around the world. It is one of the noble gases, a group of inert substances that are highly stable and nonreactive, although it can form compounds with fluorine. Neon also plays an important role in planet-forming disks around young stars, helping scientists understand how some of the solar systems most complex structures come into existence.
The most familiar manifestation of neon is its usage in lighted signs, although it also finds use as an electrical gas-discharge tube for television tubes, high voltage indicators and lightning arresters. It is combined with helium to make helium-neon lasers and used singly or in mixtures with other gases in many different types of gas-filled electron tubes. In its liquefied state, it is an important cryogenic refrigerant, having more than 40 times the refrigeration capacity of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen. It can cause frostbite on contact with exposed skin or mucous membranes.
Neon is found in small quantities in the Earth’s atmosphere, making it relatively expensive. It appears as a colorless, odorless, noncombustible, nontoxic gas with a density about 2.6 times that of air. It is sometimes combined with argon to fill lamp bulbs. As a cold liquefied gas, it can be a simple asphyxiant and may displace oxygen in confined spaces. It can also vaporize rapidly on exposure to heat and is explosive at very low temperatures.